Hajo B Boomgaarden and Rens Vliegenthart write on the media's relation to political agenda in their article Explaining the rise of anti-immigrant parties: The role of news media content. The media is one of the biggest influences of political agenda setting based on what topics news outlets choose to cover. Numerous studies have done research to prove this:Īccording to a study by Iyengar and McGrady, if the media attracts enough attention to a particular issue for a longer period of time the public's view of an issue can change or shift as a result. It affects what ideas become widespread and therefore what is demanded from politicians. The media is tightly linked to what issues gain importance on the political agenda. The Mabo decision by the High Court in 1992 which overturned previous laws about establishing native titles is an example of this. When the courts make a decision that changes a previous line of thinking, that idea immediately is on the political agenda because laws and public administration must change accordingly. On the other side, the Center for American Progress, are more liberal with their motives. Examples of think tanks that promote a certain political perspective onto the political agenda are the Heritage Foundation and American Enterprise Institute which are highly conservative. These issues or causes may include: economics, taxes, foreign policy, global development, education, children and families, or healthcare. Most times wealthy and established investors who wish to advance a certain idea or cause onto the political agenda establish them. Think tanks are in need of financial backing. For example, the American Bar Association (ABA) and the American Medical Association (AMA), usually try to influence politicians on professional jobs. If enough pressure is exerted onto political leaders through activist groups, it can change which issues and ideas ultimately reach the political agenda. These groups work to put continuous pressure on government leaders that shape the agenda. Many other important activist groups, like those oriented towards human rights and social justice, campaign for broad ideals. Some non-governmental activist groups, such as neighborhood associations, advocate for civic beautification or improvement of communities. Different types of interest groups, including business, industry, laborers, and public interest groups, utilize agenda to affect policy processes at multiple government levels. Interest groups are organizations of people who have similar goals that they are trying to achieve, usually through policy and government action. These types of powers ultimately shape what issues reach the political agenda and how they are discussed thereafter. For example, the President of the United States, has the power to make treaties, appoint ambassadors, appoint justices of the Supreme Court, and shape public and institutional debate around these actions. Political elites also have considerable ability to determine how issues on the political agenda are debated, in terms of order, framing, and substance. They are the ones with the most power to decide which ideas or issues have the most importance, and which ideas or issues are unimportant. Those closest to the policy process have the biggest control on what issues reach the political agenda. The political agenda is essentially defined as what governmental officials find important to discuss. found that around a president's midterm, congress is more likely to influence the presidential agenda using different media platforms. Schweickart et al.’s study also found that the timing of the election cycle is impactful. According to a study by Schweickart et al., blogs, Twitter, speeches, and news releases are the most effective methods to affect political agenda setting. This time lag can depend on a few factors including the method used to communicate an issue, the relevance of an issue in current conversations or news cycles, and the awareness or understanding of an issue to the public. Time lags in the political agenda can last from a few weeks to several months. Īlthough these actors, most notably the media, often have an effect on the political agenda, these results are not always immediate. The political agenda can be influenced by multiple institutional and non-institutional actors acting independently or concurrently, including political office-holders, interest groups, social movements, and other entities. 3 Political agenda and state centralization.2 Varying theories on who sets the political agenda.
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